There is no advantage or disadvantage granted by the check. All that happens is that, if you succeed, you gain a 'buff' for one minute that means you can use Sneak Attack on the target even if you don't have advantage (the usual prerequisite for Sneak Attack). The only time this doesn't apply, is if you have disadvantage, when you cant use Sneak Attack. This 'buff' lasts for one minute or until you use the ability on a new target (so you can only have the buff active on one target at a time).
You'd need a longbow, (or sharpshooter and a decently long ranged weapon) but by the book it works. Whether the DM allows it is a different question.
There is no advantage or disadvantage granted by the check. All that happens is that, if you succeed, you gain a 'buff' for one minute that means you can use Sneak Attack on the target even if you don't have advantage (the usual prerequisite for Sneak Attack). The only time this doesn't apply, is if you have disadvantage, when you cant use Sneak Attack. This 'buff' lasts for one minute or until you use the ability on a new target (so you can only have the buff active on one target at a time).
Yes it works with ranged weapons