The text says "and". If the requirements to Hide are the requirements to stay hidden, you must be out of line of sight. (How you square that with 3/4 cover ... i neither need to nor care to speculate for these purposes)
But even if we were to pretend that wasn't somehow also a requirement, it would still make taking the Hide action while Heavily Obscured or in Total Cover completely pointless.
Mostly, the point is that the rules contain pointless or incoherent statements, and thus a rule being pointless is not a RAW argument, it's a RAI argument.
I think that the actual RAI is
The person who wrote the rules does not know what line of sight means mechanically, and assumes that if your space has 3/4 cover, you can temporarily obtain full cover.
A hidden character can leave their hiding space for long enough to make an attack, but cannot simply remain out in the open indefinitely.
The mechanics of what it means to be hidden are explained here:
Unseen Attackers and Targets
When you make an attack roll against a target you can’t see, you have Disadvantage on the roll. This is true whether you’re guessing the target’s location or targeting a creature you can hear but not see. If the target isn’t in the location you targeted, you miss.
When a creature can’t see you, you have Advantage on attack rolls against it.
If you are hidden when you make an attack roll, you give away your location when the attack hits or misses.
And the only thing being hidden gives you is the Invisible condition
This is incorrect in a few ways.
1. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are actually explained within the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. See above.
2. Being hidden does not give you the Invisible condition at all.
3. The mechanical benefits of successfully concealing yourself, on the other hand, are explained within the text for the Hide action. These include having the Invisible condition, but only while you're hidden.
4. When you take the Hide action, you try to conceal yourself. It's not an attempt to hide in and of itself. An indirect consequence of taking the Hide action is that you become hidden in that moment because being unseen and unheard is a requirement for successfully concealing yourself.
Surprise: is irrelevant - by assumption we're in combat already, so initiative has already been rolled, so I'm not going to spend any further time on this.
Concealed: Now, if you must maintain the conditions that were necessary to take the Hide Action, then Concealed does absolutely nothing, because it is already the case that no enemies can see you. That means you already cannot be affected by any effect that requires you to be seen, whether you take the Hide action or not.
Attacks Affected: It is already true that if you can see your enemy, and your enemy cannot see you, that you have Advantage on attacks and your opponent has disadvantage on attacks against you.
So Invisible does literally nothing if you must continue to adhere to the conditions to take the Hide Action.
You are definitely on the right track here. All of this is correct. It's counterintuitive because for the hiding mechanics it works in the opposite direction than how invisibility usually works. In most cases, you are unseen because you are invisible. That's not true when you hide. When you hide, you are invisible because you are unseen. Even though that's already common sense, the errata text clarifies that anyway. It makes it extra clear that you only have the Invisible condition while you are hidden.
The conclusion, though, is not accurate. Hiding does not do nothing. In this game, by default, creatures are always making enough noise such that if enemies are close enough, they can be heard automatically. Now, to avoid this you might make an effort to become and remain unusually quiet. If the outcome of such an activity is uncertain, a DM will generally ask for a Stealth check to see how successful you are in being quiet enough to avoid automatic audible detection and audible passive perception. If you want to do this while behind things (out of sight), and you are willing to expend just a bit more effort (spending an action), then you can fully conceal yourself when successful. You can't really be hidden without having taken this action of concealing yourself because otherwise you would be either seen or heard. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are explained in the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. Therefore, the Hide action has value.
Hidden has an effect as long as it's possible to use it while you only have 3/4 cover, as a character behind 3/4 cover is normally visible (this does mean you have to ignore the text about "out of any enemy's line of sight" or treat 'and' as 'or', since 3/4 cover does not block line of sight).
I agree that this detail needs to be rewritten. I think that it's obvious what the intention is there. To me, this is sort of on par with how the Invisible condition doesn't actually say that it makes it so that you can't be seen. We all know what it's supposed to mean to be actually invisible. So, these are both the sorts of writing errors that should be corrected with errata, and we should just rule on those details under the assumption that these will indeed eventually be corrected. When there's an actual error in the rules it becomes less valuable to try to stick with a RAW interpretation during actual play.
it would still make taking the Hide action while Heavily Obscured or in Total Cover completely pointless.
It's not pointless, especially if you can do it as a Bonus Action.
Defensively, when Heavily Obscured (such as when standing in ordinary darkness), an enemy can attack you with disadvantage. But if you are hidden then they do not know where you are -- so they must guess the square. In the case of Total Cover there is less of a difference in the moment.
Offensively, in the case of Total Cover and then switching to 3/4 Cover to make an attack . . . without hiding first this causes you to become seen and you lose your advantage. Even worse, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, his attack happens first. Instead, if you hide first, you are attacking from a hidden position (3/4 Cover), so your attack has advantage, and your location is given away only after that attack hits or misses. Also, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, your attack happens first because you are still hidden until after your attack resolves.
It's actually the exact opposite. Before the errata there was no duration for the condition, so this created a situation where you were "always hidden" after concealing yourself. The errata fixed that. Now it is clear that after you have concealed yourself you only have the condition "while hidden", which is defined elsewhere. So, instead of a static pseudo-condition, there is now an ongoing prerequisite.
Originally it was not a 'pseudo-condition', it was just the Invisible condition, with some special rules for how to remove it. Now it's treating "Hidden" as if it were a condition.
Gotcha. I don't think that I would categorize it quite like that, but I can understand the sentiment.
The important point is that the current state of that "condition" has nothing to do with the result of taking the Hide action. It's just a game state that is either currently true or it isn't and the text is making a check to see which one it is (true or not). The phrase "while hidden" just means "while your location is unknown because you are currently unseen and unheard". So, are you currently unseen and unheard? If yes, then you still have the Invisible condition, but that will depend a lot on where you are currently located. This state of currently being hidden was automatically indirectly true at the moment that you concealed yourself with the Hide action because concealing yourself has prerequisites that align with what it means to be hidden. In addition, on an ongoing basis you automatically remain stealthy (quiet). But if you also want to retain the benefits of concealing yourself on an ongoing basis, you must actually remain hidden (unseen and unheard), since you only have the Invisible condition while hidden.
The important point is that the current state of that "condition" has nothing to do with the result of taking the Hide action.
Yeah it does. Being hidden is the result of taking the hide action, and causes you to be invisible while hidden. Everything else you describe is stuff you made up with no textual basis. Being unheard is presumably possible via the stealth but is not achievable by any specifically described effect in RAW (yeah, you lose hidden if you make a loud noise so it's likely that it's intended to cover silence, but as written it doesn't).
The mechanics of what it means to be hidden are explained here:
Unseen Attackers and Targets
When you make an attack roll against a target you can’t see, you have Disadvantage on the roll. This is true whether you’re guessing the target’s location or targeting a creature you can hear but not see. If the target isn’t in the location you targeted, you miss.
When a creature can’t see you, you have Advantage on attack rolls against it.
If you are hidden when you make an attack roll, you give away your location when the attack hits or misses.
This is not the definition of Hidden, because (1) it doesn't say it is, (2) literally none of that requires you to be hidden, and (3) it isn't a definition at all. You can be unseen without being hidden (ie, you're in total cover or heavily obscured = unseen, no Hide Action necessary).
All it says is that a creature you can hear can be attacked directly (implying a creature you can neither hear nor see can not, and see below on being unable to hear a creature).
I should probably also note that making an attack could very well not make you heard, depending on how you made the attack. So clearly 'unseen and unheard' isn't enough to have your location be a secret, despite the implication to the contrary. (For example, a blowgun is basically silent, and several other things may well be depending on the range. A longbow is probably unheard to a target ~80' away, and someone casting Eldritch Blast from 90' away is certainly unheard to the target).
And the only thing being hidden gives you is the Invisible condition
This is incorrect in a few ways.
1. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are actually explained within the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. See above.
2. Being hidden does not give you the Invisible condition at all.
3. The mechanical benefits of successfully concealing yourself, on the other hand, are explained within the text for the Hide action. These include having the Invisible condition, but only while you're hidden.
4. When you take the Hide action, you try to conceal yourself. It's not an attempt to hide in and of itself. An indirect consequence of taking the Hide action is that you become hidden in that moment because being unseen and unheard is a requirement for successfully concealing yourself.
1/ No, the mechanical benefits of being "unseen" are described in that passage above, not "hidden". These are, coincidentally, basically the same benefits that Invisible gives. And so if you can't move out of the conditions that allow you to take the Hide Action (which require you to be unseen), there is no purpose to taking the Hide Action, because you are already unseen before you take it, by definition.
2/ "you have the Invisible condition while hidden." That's literally hidden giving you the invisible condition. If hidden doesn't give you the Invisible condition, it literally does nothing (as opposed to effectively doing nothing under your interpretation), because no other benefit is ever ascribed to it.
3+4/ This is nonsense that has no basis in the text.
Surprise: is irrelevant - by assumption we're in combat already, so initiative has already been rolled, so I'm not going to spend any further time on this.
Concealed: Now, if you must maintain the conditions that were necessary to take the Hide Action, then Concealed does absolutely nothing, because it is already the case that no enemies can see you. That means you already cannot be affected by any effect that requires you to be seen, whether you take the Hide action or not.
Attacks Affected: It is already true that if you can see your enemy, and your enemy cannot see you, that you have Advantage on attacks and your opponent has disadvantage on attacks against you.
So Invisible does literally nothing if you must continue to adhere to the conditions to take the Hide Action.
You are definitely on the right track here. All of this is correct. It's counterintuitive because for the hiding mechanics it works in the opposite direction than how invisibility usually works. In most cases, you are unseen because you are invisible. That's not true when you hide. When you hide, you are invisible because you are unseen. Even though that's already common sense, the errata text clarifies that anyway. It makes it extra clear that you only have the Invisible condition while you are hidden.
The conclusion, though, is not accurate. Hiding does not do nothing. In this game, by default, creatures are always making enough noise such that if enemies are close enough, they can be heard automatically. Now, to avoid this you might make an effort to become and remain unusually quiet. If the outcome of such an activity is uncertain, a DM will generally ask for a Stealth check to see how successful you are in being quiet enough to avoid automatic audible detection and audible passive perception. If you want to do this while behind things (out of sight), and you are willing to expend just a bit more effort (spending an action), then you can fully conceal yourself when successful. You can't really be hidden without having taken this action of concealing yourself because otherwise you would be either seen or heard. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are explained in the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. Therefore, the Hide action has value.
As written, the Hide Action does nothing to stop you from making noise, because it never says it does. Now, to reduce rolls, I'd bet most people would let you move silently as part of a Hide Action (because there's no point in making two rolls), but it is technically not part of a Hide Action.
This is not to say that you cannot move silently with stealth, but rather, it is a separate use of stealth, probably as part of movement (since you're moving silently), although there's zero guidance on when or how you move silently in the rules, so DM discretion. And if the Hide Action is doing nothing, you should just move silently instead and potentially not need an action for it.
Being invisible doesn't do a thing for you if you're unseen, because unseen already does all the things being invisible does. So why would the rules need to say you're invisible, but only if you wasted an action on it? You already have all those benefits just from being unseen.
The mechanical benefits of being unseen are explained in unseen attackers. You don't have to be hidden to be unseen - indeed, you had to be unseen to take the Hide Action in the first place. And if you can't enter line of sight and stay hidden, then you are just as unseen whether you're hidden or not from those positions.
it would still make taking the Hide action while Heavily Obscured or in Total Cover completely pointless.
It's not pointless, especially if you can do it as a Bonus Action.
Defensively, when Heavily Obscured (such as when standing in ordinary darkness), an enemy can attack you with disadvantage. But if you are hidden then they do not know where you are -- so they must guess the square. In the case of Total Cover there is less of a difference in the moment.
Offensively, in the case of Total Cover and then switching to 3/4 Cover to make an attack . . . without hiding first this causes you to become seen and you lose your advantage. Even worse, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, his attack happens first. Instead, if you hide first, you are attacking from a hidden position (3/4 Cover), so your attack has advantage, and your location is given away only after that attack hits or misses. Also, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, your attack happens first because you are still hidden until after your attack resolves.
It is pointless, because the Hide Action gives you no benefit you don't already have from being unseen.
Moving silently while unseen would make them guess the square (while you're unseen). The Hide Action says nothing about moving silently. (see above on it being a separate use of the stealth skill).
You're breaking your own rule on needing to maintain the conditions to take the Hide Action to remain hidden, one of which is you are unseen in that cover/concealment. Since you must be unseen, the 3/4 cover must let you remain hidden, which means you'd be unseen in that 3/4 cover anyway. (I don't know what the designers were thinking here, and neither do you, but that you must be unseen is indisputably a prerequisite for taking the Hide Action.)
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The TLDR is, you can be unseen and unheard without taking the Hide Action, and the Hide Action never actually makes you unheard. Just move silently while unseen, which is probably part of movement rather than an action.
Being hidden is the result of taking the hide action
Just as a reminder, the text does not say that. And that's incredibly important to this discussion since that's an assumption that is made often by a lot of people.
Hide [Action]
With the Hide action, you try to conceal yourself. To do so, you must succeed . . .
On a successful check . . .
Nothing in there at all about attempting to become hidden or becoming hidden due to the successful action. Yes, I understand that the action happens be called "Hide" so it's tempting to assume that such an action results in being hidden. Such assumptions are not supported by the text.
The Hide action does not permanently "turn on" "hidden".
The Hide action provides an activity which takes less than 6 seconds to perform which, when successful, allows you to conceal yourself. After you've successfully concealed yourself, you can remain at that same level of stealth (which, by definition, is a skill that's used for moving quietly and hiding behind things) for the purposes of being found. Also, after you've successfully concealed yourself, a check is constantly being made to determine if you are currently hidden. If you are, then you have the Invisible condition. If you are not, then you do not have it.
All of that (but only that) is the result of taking the Hide action.
With that being said, it's clear that as a side effect of concealing yourself you will be hidden in that moment. Meaning, your current state at that moment matches how the concept of being hidden is described within the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. The implication from the text of the Hide action is that as soon as you are not hidden (your state at that future moment no longer matches what it means to be hidden), then you have basically used up the benefits of that concealment activity -- you lose the Invisible condition and your saved value of your Stealth check is no longer valid for the purposes of preventing an enemy from finding you. Presumably, to reacquire those benefits, you will have to conceal yourself again by taking another Hide action.
The main difference between simply being unseen, Heavily Obscured or behind Three-Quarters Cover or Total Cover and also being Hidden behind it is that your location is unknown. This is the main purpose for Hiding in the first place is that enemies are not aware of your presence and so you can ambush them.
At my table it's reflected by also having to target a square to attack a hidden creature instead which isn't the case when the target is not hidden.
Unseen Attackers and Targets: If you are hidden when you make an attack roll, you give away your location when the attack hits or misses.
Perception and Encounters: If the characters encounter another group of creatures and neither side is being stealthy, the two groups automatically notice each other once they are within sight or hearing range of one another.
Surprise: If a combatant is surprised by combat starting, that combatant has Disadvantage on their Initiative roll. For example, if an ambusher starts combat while hidden from a foe who is unaware that combat is starting, that foe is surprised.
Mostly, the point is that the rules contain pointless or incoherent statements, and thus a rule being pointless is not a RAW argument, it's a RAI argument.
I think that the actual RAI is
The mechanics of what it means to be hidden are explained here:
This is incorrect in a few ways.
1. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are actually explained within the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. See above.
2. Being hidden does not give you the Invisible condition at all.
3. The mechanical benefits of successfully concealing yourself, on the other hand, are explained within the text for the Hide action. These include having the Invisible condition, but only while you're hidden.
4. When you take the Hide action, you try to conceal yourself. It's not an attempt to hide in and of itself. An indirect consequence of taking the Hide action is that you become hidden in that moment because being unseen and unheard is a requirement for successfully concealing yourself.
You are definitely on the right track here. All of this is correct. It's counterintuitive because for the hiding mechanics it works in the opposite direction than how invisibility usually works. In most cases, you are unseen because you are invisible. That's not true when you hide. When you hide, you are invisible because you are unseen. Even though that's already common sense, the errata text clarifies that anyway. It makes it extra clear that you only have the Invisible condition while you are hidden.
The conclusion, though, is not accurate. Hiding does not do nothing. In this game, by default, creatures are always making enough noise such that if enemies are close enough, they can be heard automatically. Now, to avoid this you might make an effort to become and remain unusually quiet. If the outcome of such an activity is uncertain, a DM will generally ask for a Stealth check to see how successful you are in being quiet enough to avoid automatic audible detection and audible passive perception. If you want to do this while behind things (out of sight), and you are willing to expend just a bit more effort (spending an action), then you can fully conceal yourself when successful. You can't really be hidden without having taken this action of concealing yourself because otherwise you would be either seen or heard. The mechanical benefits of being hidden are explained in the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. Therefore, the Hide action has value.
I agree that this detail needs to be rewritten. I think that it's obvious what the intention is there. To me, this is sort of on par with how the Invisible condition doesn't actually say that it makes it so that you can't be seen. We all know what it's supposed to mean to be actually invisible. So, these are both the sorts of writing errors that should be corrected with errata, and we should just rule on those details under the assumption that these will indeed eventually be corrected. When there's an actual error in the rules it becomes less valuable to try to stick with a RAW interpretation during actual play.
It's not pointless, especially if you can do it as a Bonus Action.
Defensively, when Heavily Obscured (such as when standing in ordinary darkness), an enemy can attack you with disadvantage. But if you are hidden then they do not know where you are -- so they must guess the square. In the case of Total Cover there is less of a difference in the moment.
Offensively, in the case of Total Cover and then switching to 3/4 Cover to make an attack . . . without hiding first this causes you to become seen and you lose your advantage. Even worse, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, his attack happens first. Instead, if you hide first, you are attacking from a hidden position (3/4 Cover), so your attack has advantage, and your location is given away only after that attack hits or misses. Also, if the enemy had a Readied action to attack you, your attack happens first because you are still hidden until after your attack resolves.
Gotcha. I don't think that I would categorize it quite like that, but I can understand the sentiment.
The important point is that the current state of that "condition" has nothing to do with the result of taking the Hide action. It's just a game state that is either currently true or it isn't and the text is making a check to see which one it is (true or not). The phrase "while hidden" just means "while your location is unknown because you are currently unseen and unheard". So, are you currently unseen and unheard? If yes, then you still have the Invisible condition, but that will depend a lot on where you are currently located. This state of currently being hidden was automatically indirectly true at the moment that you concealed yourself with the Hide action because concealing yourself has prerequisites that align with what it means to be hidden. In addition, on an ongoing basis you automatically remain stealthy (quiet). But if you also want to retain the benefits of concealing yourself on an ongoing basis, you must actually remain hidden (unseen and unheard), since you only have the Invisible condition while hidden.
Yeah it does. Being hidden is the result of taking the hide action, and causes you to be invisible while hidden. Everything else you describe is stuff you made up with no textual basis. Being unheard is presumably possible via the stealth but is not achievable by any specifically described effect in RAW (yeah, you lose hidden if you make a loud noise so it's likely that it's intended to cover silence, but as written it doesn't).
This is not the definition of Hidden, because (1) it doesn't say it is, (2) literally none of that requires you to be hidden, and (3) it isn't a definition at all. You can be unseen without being hidden (ie, you're in total cover or heavily obscured = unseen, no Hide Action necessary).
All it says is that a creature you can hear can be attacked directly (implying a creature you can neither hear nor see can not, and see below on being unable to hear a creature).
I should probably also note that making an attack could very well not make you heard, depending on how you made the attack. So clearly 'unseen and unheard' isn't enough to have your location be a secret, despite the implication to the contrary. (For example, a blowgun is basically silent, and several other things may well be depending on the range. A longbow is probably unheard to a target ~80' away, and someone casting Eldritch Blast from 90' away is certainly unheard to the target).
1/ No, the mechanical benefits of being "unseen" are described in that passage above, not "hidden". These are, coincidentally, basically the same benefits that Invisible gives. And so if you can't move out of the conditions that allow you to take the Hide Action (which require you to be unseen), there is no purpose to taking the Hide Action, because you are already unseen before you take it, by definition.
2/ "you have the Invisible condition while hidden." That's literally hidden giving you the invisible condition. If hidden doesn't give you the Invisible condition, it literally does nothing (as opposed to effectively doing nothing under your interpretation), because no other benefit is ever ascribed to it.
3+4/ This is nonsense that has no basis in the text.
As written, the Hide Action does nothing to stop you from making noise, because it never says it does. Now, to reduce rolls, I'd bet most people would let you move silently as part of a Hide Action (because there's no point in making two rolls), but it is technically not part of a Hide Action.
This is not to say that you cannot move silently with stealth, but rather, it is a separate use of stealth, probably as part of movement (since you're moving silently), although there's zero guidance on when or how you move silently in the rules, so DM discretion. And if the Hide Action is doing nothing, you should just move silently instead and potentially not need an action for it.
Being invisible doesn't do a thing for you if you're unseen, because unseen already does all the things being invisible does. So why would the rules need to say you're invisible, but only if you wasted an action on it? You already have all those benefits just from being unseen.
The mechanical benefits of being unseen are explained in unseen attackers. You don't have to be hidden to be unseen - indeed, you had to be unseen to take the Hide Action in the first place. And if you can't enter line of sight and stay hidden, then you are just as unseen whether you're hidden or not from those positions.
It is pointless, because the Hide Action gives you no benefit you don't already have from being unseen.
Moving silently while unseen would make them guess the square (while you're unseen). The Hide Action says nothing about moving silently. (see above on it being a separate use of the stealth skill).
You're breaking your own rule on needing to maintain the conditions to take the Hide Action to remain hidden, one of which is you are unseen in that cover/concealment. Since you must be unseen, the 3/4 cover must let you remain hidden, which means you'd be unseen in that 3/4 cover anyway. (I don't know what the designers were thinking here, and neither do you, but that you must be unseen is indisputably a prerequisite for taking the Hide Action.)
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The TLDR is, you can be unseen and unheard without taking the Hide Action, and the Hide Action never actually makes you unheard. Just move silently while unseen, which is probably part of movement rather than an action.
Text has been directly quoted all over the place.
Just as a reminder, the text does not say that. And that's incredibly important to this discussion since that's an assumption that is made often by a lot of people.
Nothing in there at all about attempting to become hidden or becoming hidden due to the successful action. Yes, I understand that the action happens be called "Hide" so it's tempting to assume that such an action results in being hidden. Such assumptions are not supported by the text.
The Hide action does not permanently "turn on" "hidden".
The Hide action provides an activity which takes less than 6 seconds to perform which, when successful, allows you to conceal yourself. After you've successfully concealed yourself, you can remain at that same level of stealth (which, by definition, is a skill that's used for moving quietly and hiding behind things) for the purposes of being found. Also, after you've successfully concealed yourself, a check is constantly being made to determine if you are currently hidden. If you are, then you have the Invisible condition. If you are not, then you do not have it.
All of that (but only that) is the result of taking the Hide action.
With that being said, it's clear that as a side effect of concealing yourself you will be hidden in that moment. Meaning, your current state at that moment matches how the concept of being hidden is described within the rules for Unseen Attackers and Targets. The implication from the text of the Hide action is that as soon as you are not hidden (your state at that future moment no longer matches what it means to be hidden), then you have basically used up the benefits of that concealment activity -- you lose the Invisible condition and your saved value of your Stealth check is no longer valid for the purposes of preventing an enemy from finding you. Presumably, to reacquire those benefits, you will have to conceal yourself again by taking another Hide action.
The main difference between simply being unseen, Heavily Obscured or behind Three-Quarters Cover or Total Cover and also being Hidden behind it is that your location is unknown. This is the main purpose for Hiding in the first place is that enemies are not aware of your presence and so you can ambush them.
At my table it's reflected by also having to target a square to attack a hidden creature instead which isn't the case when the target is not hidden.