My guess is probably not RAW, because of this quote from the PHB:
The effects of different spells add together while the durations of those spells overlap. The effects of the same spell cast multiple times don't combine, however. Instead, the most potent effect--such as the highest bonus--from those castings applies while their durations overlap, or the most recent effect applies if the castings are equally potent and their durations overlap.
For example, if two clerics cast bless on the same target, that character gains the spell's benefit only once; he or she doesn't get to roll two bonus dice.
If the spell becomes permanent, you no longer control the creature. It might remain friendly to you, depending on how you have treated it. (Object to Creature)
This could imply that lasting "until dispelled" means that it is permanent. So which is the case?
And also, does this work with wish? Specifically, the resistance to damage?
THIS THREAD covers several years of discussion about the permanency of True Polymorph
In essence there are great arguments for both sides of True Polymorph ending at 0hp and True Polymorph continuing until dispelled after it becomes "Permanent". There are even tweets from two separate developers with one saying it still ends at 0hp and the other saying it only ends with a dispel. - Best answer IMHO: "DM decides".
As you note, it's possible to cast True Polymorph twice and have both spells reach their permanent stage. Dispel will end both instances if its cast at 9th level but at lower levels you make a roll against each instance, so it's possible to dispel one instance and not the other.
On the "Wish" spell granting resistance. RAW are that the resistance is permanent and can't be dispelled except, possibly, with another "Wish" spell (EDIT: technically it wouldn't be a dispelling but a wish to remove the resistance or inflict vulnerability to cancel it out).
The duration for the Wish spell is "Instantaneous"
Instantaneous
Many spells are instantaneous. The spell harms, heals, creates, or alters a creature or an object in a way that can't be dispelled, because its magic exists only for an instant.
Consider these two lines from Wish:
You grant up to ten creatures that you can see resistance to a damage type you choose.
You grant up to ten creatures you can see immunity to a single spell or other magical effect for 8 hours. For instance, you could make yourself and all your companions immune to a lich's life drain attack.
A specific duration is given for immunity to spells but none is given to adding resistance because this is a permanent change that is made to the 10 creatures in question.
Consider also that casting wish for anything other than duplicating an 8th level spell or lower will result in "a 33 percent chance that you are unable to cast wish ever again". So a wizard is unlikely to the party and others, resistance for more than a couple of damage types before they loose the Wish spell permanently (if they don't loose it the very first time they try). Even then, permanent resistance (not full immunity) for a couple of damage types is not a huge boon at those high levels when t's very likely the party members will each have 1 or more items granting them resistance to one or another damage type anyway.
As for a wish spell granting resistance, keep in mind that you have not specified any given duration nor even what sort of damage, so the DM could have the spell emulate the resistance cantrip and that's it.
If you are more specific (all damage, permanent), the spell could theoretically cause you to cease to be outright. Now you are not merely resistant to all damage but immune, by virtue of no longer existing to be damaged. Or alternatively, send you somewhere in the deep Astral, where you neither hunger, thirst nor even need to breath, but there is nothing anywhere there to harm you. However, there is a slim chance that something might wander by eventually. Hence it is actually only resistance... oh and you can't move from that spot, lest you wander somewhere dangerous and thus end the permanence.
The DM doesn't get to decide how the alternate options work (i.e., create object, heal creatures, resistance to damage, immunity to spell or magic effect, and undo recent event). Those always work, but if you do a wish that isn't on the list, it might not work depending on the DM.
The duration for the Wish spell is "Instantaneous"
Instantaneous
Many spells are instantaneous. The spell harms, heals, creates, or alters a creature or an object in a way that can't be dispelled, because its magic exists only for an instant.
Consider these two lines from Wish:
You grant up to ten creatures that you can see resistance to a damage type you choose.
You grant up to ten creatures you can see immunity to a single spell or other magical effect for 8 hours. For instance, you could make yourself and all your companions immune to a lich's life drain attack.
A specific duration is given for immunity to spells but none is given to adding resistance because this is a permanent change that is made to the 10 creatures in question.
Consider also that casting wish for anything other than duplicating an 8th level spell or lower will result in "a 33 percent chance that you are unable to cast wish ever again". So a wizard is unlikely to the party and others, resistance for more than a couple of damage types before they loose the Wish spell permanently (if they don't loose it the very first time they try). Even then, permanent resistance (not full immunity) for a couple of damage types is not a huge boon at those high levels when t's very likely the party members will each have 1 or more items granting them resistance to one or another damage type anyway.
Is this to compare "Wish" with a spell that CAN be dispelled since Simulacrum's duration is specific to it being capable of being dispelled (or until the spell is cast again)? ARCANE LOCK would be another example of a permanent but clearly magical effect which can be dispelled.
Wish is better compared with spells like FABRICATE which also has a Duration of "Instantaneous", making a permanent alteration to something that cannot be ended by dispelling or CREATE OR DESTROY WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which can create (or destroy) water permanently without possibility of dispelling. In the same school of Conjuration with "Wish" there's CREATE FOOD AND WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which creates food or water permanently without possibility of dispelling (although the food will "spoil" if not eaten).
Is this to compare "Wish" with a spell that CAN be dispelled since Simulacrum's duration is specific to it being capable of being dispelled (or until the spell is cast again)? ARCANE LOCK would be another example of a permanent but clearly magical effect which can be dispelled.
Wish is better compared with spells like FABRICATE which also has a Duration of "Instantaneous", making a permanent alteration to something that cannot be ended by dispelling or CREATE OR DESTROY WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which can create (or destroy) water permanently without possibility of dispelling. In the same school of Conjuration with "Wish" there's CREATE FOOD AND WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which creates food or water permanently without possibility of dispelling (although the food will "spoil" if not eaten).
I meant the 33% chance of losing wish can be mitigated with Simulacrums.
P.S. Check here if you want to learn how to add tooltips like I do.
Is this to compare "Wish" with a spell that CAN be dispelled since Simulacrum's duration is specific to it being capable of being dispelled (or until the spell is cast again)? ARCANE LOCK would be another example of a permanent but clearly magical effect which can be dispelled.
Wish is better compared with spells like FABRICATE which also has a Duration of "Instantaneous", making a permanent alteration to something that cannot be ended by dispelling or CREATE OR DESTROY WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which can create (or destroy) water permanently without possibility of dispelling. In the same school of Conjuration with "Wish" there's CREATE FOOD AND WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which creates food or water permanently without possibility of dispelling (although the food will "spoil" if not eaten).
I meant the 33% chance of losing wish can be mitigated with Simulacrums.
Although there's at least an argument to be made that wish-casting a simulacrum of yourself would result in a simulacrum without a 9th-level spell slot since you just used yours.
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Paladin main who spends most of his D&D time worldbuilding or DMing, not Paladin-ing.
There are many features that let you cast spells (either wish specifically, or any spell) without using spell slots.
I don't know that "many" is a very accurate way to say that. There are a few, yeah, but in general it's best not to count on things like Epic Boons or magic items, which are both entirely within the DM's control. If you're thinking of the 1D&D sorcerer's super-OP capstone, yes, wish-simulacrum armies did occur to me immediately as a primary concern for that feature.
And honestly, wish-simulacrum armies kinda just take all the fun outta the game. It might be fun to be immortal and all-powerful the first time, but past a certain point, there's not even a point anymore.
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Paladin main who spends most of his D&D time worldbuilding or DMing, not Paladin-ing.
We're getting a bit off-topic but the discussion threads on Wish-Simulacrum are long and the general concensus is that it is a "unlimited gold" exploit that will work RAW but any DM worth his dice will just ban it.
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My guess is probably not RAW, because of this quote from the PHB:
And True Polymorph says:
However, True Polymorph also has this statement:
This could imply that lasting "until dispelled" means that it is permanent. So which is the case?
And also, does this work with wish? Specifically, the resistance to damage?
THIS THREAD covers several years of discussion about the permanency of True Polymorph
In essence there are great arguments for both sides of True Polymorph ending at 0hp and True Polymorph continuing until dispelled after it becomes "Permanent". There are even tweets from two separate developers with one saying it still ends at 0hp and the other saying it only ends with a dispel.
- Best answer IMHO: "DM decides".
As you note, it's possible to cast True Polymorph twice and have both spells reach their permanent stage. Dispel will end both instances if its cast at 9th level but at lower levels you make a roll against each instance, so it's possible to dispel one instance and not the other.
On the "Wish" spell granting resistance. RAW are that the resistance is permanent and can't be dispelled except, possibly, with another "Wish" spell (EDIT: technically it wouldn't be a dispelling but a wish to remove the resistance or inflict vulnerability to cancel it out).
The duration for the Wish spell is "Instantaneous"
Consider these two lines from Wish:
A specific duration is given for immunity to spells but none is given to adding resistance because this is a permanent change that is made to the 10 creatures in question.
Consider also that casting wish for anything other than duplicating an 8th level spell or lower will result in "a 33 percent chance that you are unable to cast wish ever again". So a wizard is unlikely to the party and others, resistance for more than a couple of damage types before they loose the Wish spell permanently (if they don't loose it the very first time they try). Even then, permanent resistance (not full immunity) for a couple of damage types is not a huge boon at those high levels when t's very likely the party members will each have 1 or more items granting them resistance to one or another damage type anyway.
The DM doesn't get to decide how the alternate options work (i.e., create object, heal creatures, resistance to damage, immunity to spell or magic effect, and undo recent event). Those always work, but if you do a wish that isn't on the list, it might not work depending on the DM.
One word: Simulacrum.
Is this to compare "Wish" with a spell that CAN be dispelled since Simulacrum's duration is specific to it being capable of being dispelled (or until the spell is cast again)? ARCANE LOCK would be another example of a permanent but clearly magical effect which can be dispelled.
Wish is better compared with spells like FABRICATE which also has a Duration of "Instantaneous", making a permanent alteration to something that cannot be ended by dispelling or CREATE OR DESTROY WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which can create (or destroy) water permanently without possibility of dispelling. In the same school of Conjuration with "Wish" there's CREATE FOOD AND WATER with a Duration of "Instantaneous" which creates food or water permanently without possibility of dispelling (although the food will "spoil" if not eaten).
I meant the 33% chance of losing wish can be mitigated with Simulacrums.
P.S. Check here if you want to learn how to add tooltips like I do.
Although there's at least an argument to be made that wish-casting a simulacrum of yourself would result in a simulacrum without a 9th-level spell slot since you just used yours.
Paladin main who spends most of his D&D time worldbuilding or DMing, not Paladin-ing.
There are many features that let you cast spells (either wish specifically, or any spell) without using spell slots.
I don't know that "many" is a very accurate way to say that. There are a few, yeah, but in general it's best not to count on things like Epic Boons or magic items, which are both entirely within the DM's control. If you're thinking of the 1D&D sorcerer's super-OP capstone, yes, wish-simulacrum armies did occur to me immediately as a primary concern for that feature.
And honestly, wish-simulacrum armies kinda just take all the fun outta the game. It might be fun to be immortal and all-powerful the first time, but past a certain point, there's not even a point anymore.
Paladin main who spends most of his D&D time worldbuilding or DMing, not Paladin-ing.
We're getting a bit off-topic but the discussion threads on Wish-Simulacrum are long and the general concensus is that it is a "unlimited gold" exploit that will work RAW but any DM worth his dice will just ban it.